Characterization of chemical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii in waste media

Characterization of chemical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii in waste media

Rok:
2023

Celkové hodnotenie

Vedecká práca
89%
Prevedenie (dizajn)
87%
Diskusná interakcia
89%
PoužívateľVedecká prácaDizajnDiskusná interakcia
Msc Eng. Daria Maciejewska 100%100%100%
M.Sc. Małgorzata Zajączkowska100%100%100%
mgr inż. Przemysław Marciniak100%100%100%
Ing. Zuzana Brnoliaková PhD.100%80%100%
Mgr. Kristián Slíž100%100%100%
Msc Eng. Maria Małachowska100%100%100%
Ewa Kowalska100%100%100%

Characterization of chemical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii in waste media

Justyna Płoska1 , Monika Garbowska , Lidia Stasiak-Różańska
1 Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Food Sciences, Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Division of Milk Technology
justyna_ploska@sggw.edu.pl

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural exopolysaccharide characterized by high purity, mechanical strength and the ability to absorb various compounds [1]. These unique properties mean that BC can be successfully used in the food industry as, for example, food packaging and biomedicine as, for example, wound dressing material [2,3]. Obtaining BC on an industrial scale is expensive, mainly due to the high cost of culture media. Replacing classical media with waste from the agri-food industry may be a promising way to reduce the costs of obtaining BC [4]. The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of obtaining BC in waste media by Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 and to characterize its chemical and mechanical properties. YPM medium was used as a classical control medium. Hemp pomace (HP)-based medium in two concentrations of waste (15 and 20 g·dm-3) and acid whey (AW) were used as waste media. The obtained BC was analyzed chemically and structurally by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, and mechanical properties: strain at break, stress at break and Young Modulus were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, no statistically significant differences were observed between the amount of BC produced by Ga. hansenii in YPM medium and waste media. The highest amount of BC was produced in YPM medium (1.06±0.028 g·dm-3), while among the waste media, the highest BC biosynthesis efficiency was provided by HP20 medium (0.95±0.197 g·dm-3). FTIR analysis showed that the spectra of BC obtained in HP media (regardless of concentration) differed slightly from that of BC produced in YPM media. Peaks at wavenumber 1734 cm-1 and 1738 cm-1 (HP15 and HP20, respectively) were observed, probably corresponding to C=O stretching vibrations in the O=C-OH group of the glucuronic acid unit in hemicellulose, which may have originated from hemp pomace [5]. BC obtained in AW medium had the highest Total Crystalline Index (TCI) among the waste media indicating higher degree of crystallinity and more ordered cellulose structure. BC from HP15 medium showed the highest strain at break (4.28±1.47%). Strain at break for BC from YPM medium was 1.84±0.78%. BC obtained in AW had the highest Young's Modulus (2122±1152 MPa) of all media and statistically not different from BC from YPM medium (1538± 885MPa). These studies have shown that it is possible to obtain BC from waste media with similar biosynthetic efficiency to classical media. In addition, BC obtained in waste media may have improved mechanical properties, which in the future may result in expanding the application possibilities of BC.

Poďakovanie: 

Characterization of BC was conducted during a Justyna Płoska scholarship at Slovak University of Technology funded by the Polish National Agency of Academic Exchange (NAWA) in Exchange Programme for Students and Scientists as Part of Bilateral Cooperation, No. BPN/BIL/2021/1/00171/U/00001.

Zdroje: 
  1. Manan, S., Ullah, M. W., Ul-Islam, M., Shi, Z., Gauthier, M., & Yang, G. (2022). Bacterial cellulose: Molecular regulation of biosynthesis, supramolecular assembly, and tailored structural and functional properties. Progress in Materials Science, 100972.
  2. Płoska, J., Garbowska, M., Pluta, A., & Stasiak-Różańska, L. (2023). Bacterial cellulose-innovative biopolymer and possibilities of its applications in dairy industry. International Dairy Journal, 105586.
  3. Qian, H., Liu, J., Wang, X., Pei, W., Fu, C., Ma, M., & Huang, C. (2023). The state-of-the-art application of functional bacterial cellulose-based materials in biomedical fields. Carbohydrate Polymers300, 120252.
  4. Ul-Islam, M., Ullah, M. W., Khan, S., & Park, J. K. (2020). Production of bacterial cellulose from alternative cheap and waste resources: A step for cost reduction with positive environmental aspects. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering37, 925-937.
  5. Cheng, S., Huang, A., Wang, S., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Effect of Different Heat Treatment Temperatures on the Chemical Composition and Structure of Chinese Fir Wood. BioResources11(2).

Diskusia

Nice and promising work, congratulations to your results. For sure, this is a big move forwards within the bacterial cellulose´s producing issue. I am just curious how would be maintained the stable characteristics and properties of waste media, if it is simple the waste. How would be this guaranteed? Are there any hints to preserve waste´s composition to be satisfyingly adequate for producing bacterial cellulose of certain kind? Thank you in advance for you reply, ZB

Thank you for your question.
Guaranteeing the constancy of the composition of waste is a very important issue, and sometimes (depending on the waste) it can be difficult to solve because each portion coming from the industry may differ slightly from each other. 
Nevertheless, there are efforts underway to minimize this effect. For example, the acid whey used in this study was dried after the cheese-making process, and then its composition was evaluated, so whey powder with full specifications (not published in the study) was used for the study. Based on the knowledge of this specification, it is possible to work with other batches of AW with known specifications in the future achieving the same composition of the culture medium. In addition, it is worth noting that usually the raw wastes of the food industry do not differ so much that this significantly affects the composition of the culture medium and, consequently, the properties of BC. Nevertheless, the basic composition of the waste is often examined before starting the study/process to ensure that it is not significantly different from the accepted optimum. 

Oh, I see...now is much more clear to me... :-) Thank you for your detailed explanation. Good luck for your further research! All the best, ZB