The booklet "Book of notes and memories of Father Francesco Zazzera", dated 17th century. Francesco Zazzera was the closest follower and collaborator of Saint Philip Neri, who founded a society of secular clergy in 1575, called the Congregation of the Oratory. A booklet of this type, consisting of approximately 40 pages, measures 9.3 cm × 13.9 cm. He left numerous writings on the life and doctrine of the Saint and a booklet containing notes and anecdotes. Interestingly, the black ink used in the booklet has undergone a peculiar transformation, appearing faded and taking on a yellowish-white tone (Fig.1). In this study, the microbial communities present on a paper fragment of the booklet (S2) and the dust residues in the test tube containing the paper fragment (S4), which could be the cause of biodeterioration, were analysed, through taxonomic identification. of the manuscript which caused the ink to change color (from black to yellowish - white) on many pages. Bacterial and fungal community analysis was performed using high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using the MinION device on a booklet paper sample of just 0.0055 g. In the 16S rRNA gene data, we identified the predominant presence of Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, and Peanibacillus, along with Microbacterium, Peanibacillus, and Sporosarcina. Moving on to the 28S rRNA fungal genera we observed the presence of Pichia, Scheffersomyces, Fulvia and Pochonia, together with Psilocybe, Marasmius and Zygosaccharomyces. These findings represent an important step forward in our understanding of microbial and fungal biodiversity from very small samples.